ru

Pronunciation

 * (Kasnatia) IPA: /ˈru/, [ˈɾu], [ˈdu]
 * (Mitsan) IPA: /ˈru/, [ˈɾu], [ˈʁu]
 * (Agimu) IPA: /ˈru/, [ˈhu]
 * (Melopon) IPA: /ˈru/, [ˈɾu]

Etymology
Clipping of earlier ruwo, from Pori sumpu ("made of"), from Proto-Qaskan *kompo ("made of").

Preposition

 * 1) physically composed of
 * E ru mese kowuu nu kuko u ti witti.
 * That building has wooden doors.
 * 1) assembled from
 * U tiye te peré e ru yéli pampó.
 * The kids made a bridge of sticks.
 * 1) Expressing a primary/important component of something.
 * U pu ru pittawá náti na pomekó ke telo.
 * That marinated meat smells good.
 * (literally: That meat of marinade smells good.)
 * 1) (slightly informal) Expressing an abstract quality/characteristic.
 * Waa tu si ru siru.
 * Babies are weird.
 * (literally: Babies are of weirdness.)
 * 1) (slightly informal) Expressing a physical quality/characteristic.
 * E tiyi ru sere kete wo ni puni?
 * Did you see that black cat over there?
 * (literally: Did you see that cat of black over there?)
 * 1) (dialectal, informal, proscribed) With a noun referring to a specific country, ethnicity, or something similar, indicates that it refers to one or more members instead of the entire group.
 * Tu si ru kaynate.
 * They're Kasnatian.
 * (literally: (They)'re made of Kasnatia(n).)
 * 1) (usually before a generic infinitive) resulting from (often translated as a participle)
 * A me ru rúnli yu kalla nu lu.
 * I like this fried shrimp.
 * (literally: I like this shrimp of/from frying.)

Usage Notes

 * Senses 1-3 and 7 find some acceptance in formal writing; although the formal counterpart ruwo is preferred by some authorities, others perceive it to be too archaic for use in contemporary writing.
 * Senses 4-5 are rarely encountered in formal writing, but still very common in speech; for sense 4 it is preferred to substitute rilo, whereas for sense 5 it is preferred to not use any preposition.
 * Sense 6, which only exists in some (mostly rural) dialects, is perceived by many native speakers (even of the same dialects) as "incorrect".

Synonyms

 * (1-3, 7) ruwo
 * (4) rilo